Burkhard Militzer  Contact Information
 Burkhard Militzer
 Associate professor
 University of California, Berkeley
 Departments of Earth and Planetary Science and Astronomy
 Phone (510) 643-7414
 Fax (510) 643-9980
 Email militzer at berkeley dot edu
 Address
(Map) 		407 McCone Hall, MC 4767
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA                

Research Interests

In my research, I use computer simulations to understand the interior and evolution of giant planets. Materials in planetary interiors are exposed to extreme temperature and pressure conditions that cannot yet be reached with laboratory experiments. Instead we rely on highly accurate first-principles computer simulations techniques. With these methods, we recently explained why neon is depleted in Jupiter's atmosphere and provided strong, though indirect evidence for helium rain to occur in giant planets. Our recent simulations predict core erosion to occur in gas giant planets.

Furthermore I study materials in the deep mantle of our planet and compare my results with static and dynamic high pressure experiments. In some cases, computer simulations provide new insight into properties of materials that cannot be obtained with experiments. In other cases we use them to make predictions for the state of matter at these extreme pressures. Recent examples include fluid helium and water ice at megabar pressures.

My background is in the field of theoretical condensed matter physics and I am interested in theory and simulation of novel materials under extreme conditions. I use a variety of first-principles simulation methods including path integral Monte Carlo, groundstate quantum Monte Carlo, and density functional molecular dynamics.

Research Group

Hugh F. Wilson, associate specialist
Kevin Driver, postdoctorial researcher
Shuai Zhang, graduate student
Sean Wahl, graduate student
Formerly in my group:
Stephen Stackhouse, Lecturer in the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds.
Saad Khairallah, now at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Teaching

I teach the course C12 "The Planets" . A tour of the mysteries and inner workings of our solar system is presented. The class has over 200 students and is directed at nonscience majors. Here are some pictures from our class room demonstrations.

This course is now also offered as an online summer class W12. Here are three examples from our series of recorded lectures: a course introduction, one on the Kepler mission, and one on meteorites. My experiences teaching online are described in an article for the EPS alumni report in 2010.

In the fall of 2008, I introduced EPS 109 "Computer Simulations in Earth and Planetary Science" as a new course. An introduction to computer simulation methods will be given and students learn to program in Matlab. Have a look the movies that the students made during the 2008  and 2009 classes. In spring of 2011, Dino Bellugi and I introduced a new graduate class EPS 209 "Matlab Applications in Earth Science". Here is a descriptions of the final projects.

Here are some pictures from my presentation at UC Berkeley's CalDay event 2010. I also participated in a field trip to Yosemite National Park.

Positions

Ph.D. applicants interested in this research should apply to the department of Earth and Planetary science or alternatively to the department of Astronomy. The deadline is late in December every year. Applicants are encouraged to contact me in advance to talk about specific research projects.
I have no open postdoc positions at the moment but this will change in the future. You can also work with my taking advantage of oportunities in Astronomy.

Erosion of Rocky Cores in Giant Gas Planets
Temperature-pressure of Dissolution of MgO into metallic hydrogen Gas giants are believed to form by the accretion of hydrogen-helium gas around an initial protocore of rock and ice. The question of whether the rocky parts of the core dissolve into the layer of metallic fluid hydrogen following formation has significant implications for planetary structure and evolution. Here we use ab initio calculations to study rock solubility in fluid hydrogen, choosing magnesium oxide as a representative example of planetary rocky materials, and find MgO to be highly soluble in H for temperatures in excess of approximately 10000 K, implying significant redistribution of rocky core material in Jupiter and larger exoplanets.
Hydrogen Equation of State Computed for Fusion Applications
Temperature-density Conditions of Equation of State Calculations Using path integral Monte Carlo simulations we have derived an equation of state (EOS) table for deuterium that covers typical intertial confinement fusion conditions at densities ranging from 0.002 to 1596 g/cm3 and temperatures of 1.35 eV ~ 5.5 keV. The small grey circles in the diagram on the left indicate the temperature-density conditions of our simulations. The EOS and related results are summarized in an article that has been published in Physical Review B.
Bonding Pattern in Ice at High Pressure
Bonding in ice at high pressure The bonding properties of water ice at high pressure are studied in this article. By comparing the Wannier orbitals in the Pnma structure (shown in the image on the left), one can tell that they differ substantially from the sp3 hybridization in the ice X phase at lower pressures. Most strikingly, the white orbitals are not aligned with any hydrogen bond.
Dissolution of Icy Core Materials Gas Giant Planets
Stability field of ice when exposed to metallic hydrogen
Simulations predict water ice to be unstable above 3000 Kelvin when exposed to metallic hydrogen 		The four giant planets in our solar system grow so large because icy comets made their cores grow much faster than those of terrestrial planets, which enabled them to accrete large amounts of gas. With ab initio simulations, Hugh Wilson and I demonstrate in our recent manuscript that water ice is not thermodynamically stable at the temperature and pressure conditions where core is exposed to the layer of metallic hydrogen above. This implies that the cores in Jupiter and Saturn have been eroded over time, with the icy material being redistributed convectively throughout the planet.
Our work has implications for constraining the interior structure and evolution of giant planets and will be relevant for the interpretation of data from NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter (to be launched in August 2011). Core erosion could also provide a significant flux of heavy elements to the atmosphere of exoplanets and may explain why some of them have significantly inflated radii.
Simulations predict water ice to become a metal at megabar pressures
Different high pressure ice phases
Four high pressure phases of ice 		Water ice is one of the most prevalent substances in the solar system, with the majority of it existing at high pressures in the interiors of giant planets. The known phase diagram of water is extremely rich, with at least fifteen crystal phases observed experimentally. In our article in Physical Review Letters (see also cond-mat), Hugh Wilson and I explore the phase diagram of water ice by means of ab initio computer simulations and predict two new phases to occur at megabar pressures. In the figure from top to bottom, you see

1) ice X the highest pressure phase seen in experiments,
2) the Pbcm phase that was predicted with computer simulations in 1996,
3) our new Pbca phase that transforms out of the Pbcm phase via a phonon instability at 7.6 Mbar, and finally
4) our new Cmcm structure that is metallic and predicted to occur at 15.5 Mbar.

The known high pressure ice phases VII, VIII, X and Pbcm as well as our Pbca phase are all insulating and composed of two interpenetrating hydrogen bonded networks, but the Cmcm structure is metallic and consists of corrugated sheets of H and O atoms. The H atoms are squeezed into octahedral positions between next-nearest O atoms while they occupy tetrahedral positions between nearest O atoms in the ice X, Pbcm, and Pbca phases.
Why is neon missing from Jupiter's atmosphere? Indirect evidence of helium rain
Jupiters interior
Jupiter’s interior. Helium rain occurs in the immiscibility layer and depletes the upper layer of both helium and neon. 		When the Galileo entry probe entered Jupiter's atmosphere in 1995, it measured that the inert gas neon was depleted by a factor of 10 compared to the composition of sun, which represents the concentrations in nebula that formed our solar system with all its eight planets. So where is all the neon gone that was present in Jupiter initially? Using ab initio computer simulations Hugh Wilson and I link the missing neon to another process that was proposed to occur inside Jupiter: helium rain.
There is indirect evidence from luminosity measurements that helium rain occurs on Saturn but it was unclear whether it occurs inside Jupiter also. Our calculations now show that neon preferentially dissolves into helium droplets and it is therefore gradually sequestered into the deeper interior as the helium rain falls. The remaining hydrogen-rich envelope is slowly depleted of both neon and helium. The measured concentrations of both elements agree quantitatively with our calculations.
Read commentary by J. Fortney "Peering into Jupiter", UC Berkeley's press release, Discovery Channel and LA Times articles.
Quantum Monte Carlo Study of the Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Solid Helium
Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Solid Helium at high Pressure

Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Solid Helium at High Pressure 		Metallic solid helium is present in the outer layers of White Dwarf stars. The cooling rate of White Dwarfs is regulated by the heat flow from the hot interior to the colder exterior. The insulator-to-metal transition is of interest because it marks the point where heat transport switches from electronic conductions to photon diffusion. In our paper, the insulator-to-metal transition in solid helium at high pressure is studied with different first-principles simulations. Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations predict that the band gap closes at a density of 21.3 g/cc and a pressure of 25.7 terapascals, which is 20% higher in density and 40 higher in pressure than predicted by standard density functional calculations. The metallization density derived from GW calculations is found to be in very close agreement with QMC predictions. Path integral Monte Carlo calculations showed that the zero-point motion of the nuclei has no significant effect on the metallization transition.
Simulation of Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures in Planetary Interiors
Shock hugoniot curves for precompressed hydrogen and helium
Helium in molecular hydrogen 		Shock hugoniot curves for precompressed hydrogen and helium
Helium in metallic hydrogen
We performed density functional molecular dynamics simulation to characterize hydrogen-helium mixtures in the interior of solar and extrasolar giant planets. In this article, we address outstanding questions about their structure and evolution e.g. whether Jupiter has a rocky core and if it was formed by a core accretion process. We describe how the presence of helium defers the molecular-to-metallic transition in hydrogen to higher pressures by stabilizing hydrogen molecules.
First Principles Simulation of Fluid Helium at High Pressure
Shock hugoniot curves for precompressed hydrogen and helium

Shock hugoniot curves for precompressed hydrogen and helium. 		Shock wave experiments allow one to study a material's properties at high pressure and temperature. In this article (accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters), we used first-principles computer simulation to predict the properties of shock fluid helium at megabar pressures. The simulations show that the compressibility of helium is substantially increased by electronic excitations. A maximum compression ratio of 5.24-fold the initial density was predicted for 360 GPa and 150000 K. This result distinguishes helium from deuterium, for which simulations predicted a maximum compression ratio of 4.3. If the sample are precompressed statically the compression ratio is reduced, which is shown in the left graph.
Ab Initio Simulations of Liquid Oxygen under Pressure
Spin fluctuations in dense molecular oxygen

Spin fluctuations present molecular oxygen (left) are suppressed at high pressures (right). 		In recent shock wave experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3108 (2001)], the conductivity of liquid oxygen was measured for pressures up to 1.8 Mbar and indications for a insulator-metal transition were found. In this article, we report results from density functional molecular dynamics simulations of dense liquid oxygen close to the metal-insulator transition. We have found that band gap closure occurs in the molecular liquid, with a slow transition from a semi-conducting to a poor metallic state occurring over a wide pressure range. At approximately 80 GPa, molecular dissociation is observed in the metallic fluid. Spin fluctuations play a key role in determining the electronic structure of the low pressure fluid, while they are suppressed at high pressure.
Dense Plasma Effects on Nuclear Reaction Rates
Many-body enhancement of nuclear reaction rates
Many-body enhancement of nuclear reaction rates h(0) as function of the coupling parameter.
 Dense plasma effects can cause an exponenial change in charge particle nuclear reaction rates important in stellar evolution. In this article, reaction rates in dense plasmas are examined using path integral Monte Carlo. Quantum effects causes a reduction in the many body enhancement of the reaction rate, h(0), compared to the classical value. This is shown in figure on the left for different quantum parameters. This reduction can be attributed to the "quantum smearing" of the Coulomb interaction at the short range resulting in a reduced repulsion between the reacting pair and surrounding particles.
Lowering of the Kinetic Energy in Interacting Quantum Systems
Temperature density region of kinetic energy lowering
Temperature density region of kinetic energy lowering for dense hydrogen and the electron gas.
 The equilibrium momentum distribution is of fundamental importance to characterize many-body systems. In contrast to classical systems where the distribution is always Maxwellian, in quantum systems the distribution depends on particle statistics, bosons or fermions, as well as on interactions and can display interparticle correlations, which are the basis of superfluidity and superconductivity. In this article, we report and explain a surprising effect of interactions in quantum systems on the one particle momentum distribution and kinetic energy. Interactions never lower the ground state kinetic energy of a quantum system. However, at nonzero temperature, where the system occupies a thermal distribution of states, interactions can reduce the kinetic energy below the noninteracting value. This is demonstrated using PIMC simulations for dense hydrogen and the electron gas.
Understanding hot dense hydrogen with PIMC simulations
Hydrogen at rs=4.0, T=5000K Hydrogen at rs=1.86, T=5000K Hydrogen at rs=1.6, T=6250K
Molecular liquid
Molecular metallic liquid
Metallic liquid
The high temperature phase diagram of hydrogen
Phase diagram of deuterium At which pressure and density does hydrogen become metallic? Thermal dissociation leads into a diminishing of the peak in the proton-proton pair correlation function with increasing temperature. At low densities up to about rs=2.6, the properties of hydrogen including the equation of state are well understood. Processes like the thermal dissociation of molecules can be modelled accurately with PIMC. The resulting proton-proton pair correlation functions are shown.
Single and double shock Hugoniot curves from PIMC simulations
Single Shock Results
Single shock hugoniot results
 Phase diagram showing single and double shock hugoniot curves.
Single and double shock hugoniot in the phase diagram.
 Double Shock Results
Double shock hugoniot results
Publications
58. H. F. Wilson, B. Militzer, "Rocky core solubility in Jupiter and giant exoplanets", submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (2011), available on astro-ph.
57. S. X. Hu, B. Militzer, V. N. Goncharov, and S. Skupsky, "FPEOS: A First-Principles Equation of State Table of Deuterium for Inertial Confinement Fusion Applications", Phys. Rev. B, 84 (2011) 224109, also available on cond-mat.
56. H. F. Wilson, B. Militzer, "Solubility of water ice in metallic hydrogen: consequences for core erosion in gas giant planets", Astrophys. J. 745 (2012) 54, also available on astro-ph.
55. B. Militzer, "Bonding and Electronic Properties of Ice at High Pressure", Intern. J. Quantum Chemistry 112 (2011) 314, also available on cond-mat.
54. L. Miyagi, W. Kanitpanyacharoen, S. Stackhouse, B. Militzer, H.-R. Wenk, "The Enigma of Post-Perovskite Anisotropy: Deformation versus Transformation Textures", Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 38 (2011) 665, DOI: 10.1007/10.1007/s00269-011-0439-y.
53. B. Militzer, H. F. Wilson, "New Phases of Water Ice Predicted at Megabar Pressures", Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 195701, available on cond-mat.
52. S. X. Hu, B. Militzer, V. N. Goncharov, and S. Skupsky, "Strong-Coupling and Degeneracy Effects in Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions", Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 235003.
51. B. Militzer, H.-R. Wenk, S. Stackhouse, and L. Stixrude, "First-Principles Calculation of the Elastic Moduli of Sheet Silicates and their Application to Shale Anisotropy", American Mineralogist 96 (2011) 125.
50. A. R. Rhoden, B. Militzer, E. M. Huff, T. A. Hurford, M. Manga, and M. A. Richards, "Constraints on Europa's rotational dynamics from modeling of tidally-driven fractures", Icarus 210 (2010) 770.
49. H. F. Wilson and B. Militzer, "Sequestration of noble gases in giant planet interiors", Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 121101. Read commentary by J. Fortney "Peering into Jupiter" in Physics 3 (2010) 26, UC Berkeley's press release, Discovery Channel and LA Times articles.
48. K. P. Esler, R. E. Cohen, B. Militzer, J. Kim, R.J. Needs, and M.D. Towler, "Fundamental high pressure calibration from all-electron quantum Monte Carlo calculations", Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 185702.
47. K. P. Driver, R. E. Cohen, Z. Wu, B. Militzer, P. Lopez Rios, M. D. Towler, R. J. Needs, and J. W. Wilkins "Quantum Monte Carlo for minerals at high pressures: Phase stability, equations of state, and elasticity of silica", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 107 (2010) 9519.
46. P. Beck, A.F. Goncharov, J. A. Montoya, V.V. Struzhkin, B. Militzer, R.J. Hemley, and H.-K. Mao, ''Response to “Comment on ‘Measurement of thermal diffusivity at high-pressure using a transient heating technique’”'', Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 (2009) 096101.
45. B. Militzer, "Computation of the High Temperature Coulomb Density Matrix in Periodic Boundary Conditions" (2009), cond-mat/09044282.
44. J. J. Fortney, I. Baraffe, B. Militzer, chapter "Interior Structure and Thermal Evolution of Giant Planets", in "Exoplanets", ed. S. Seager, Arizona Space Science series (2009).
43. B. Militzer, "Correlations in Hot Dense Helium", J Phys. A 42 (2009) 214001, cond-mat/09024281.
42. J. J. Fortney, S. H. Glenzer, M. Koenig, B. Militzer, D. Saumon, and D. Valencia, "Frontiers of the Physics of Dense Plasmas and Planetary Interiors: Experiment, Theory, Applications", Physics of Plasmas 16 (2008) 041003.
41. B. Militzer and W. B. Hubbard, "Comparison of Jupiter Interior Models Derived from First-Principles Simulations", Astrophysics and Space Science 322 (2009) 129, astro-ph/08074266.
40. S. A. Khairallah and B. Militzer, "First-Principles Studies of the Metallization and the Equation of State of Solid Helium", Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 106407, physics/08054433.
39. B. Militzer, "Path Integral Monte Carlo and Density Functional Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hot, Dense Helium", Phys. Rev. B 79 (2009) 155105, cond-mat/08050317.
38. B. Militzer, W. B. Hubbard, J. Vorberger, I. Tamblyn, and S.A. Bonev, "A Massive Core in Jupiter Predicted From First-Principles Simulations", Astrophysical Journal Letters 688 (2008) L45, astro-ph/08074264.
37. P. Beck, A. F. Goncharov, V. Struzhkin, B. Militzer, H.-K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley "Measurement of thermal diffusivity at high pressure using a transient heating technique", Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 181914.
36. B. Militzer, W. B. Hubbard, "Implications of Shock Wave Experiments with Precompressed Materials for Giant Planet Interiors", AIP conference proceedings 955 (2007) 1395.
35. J. Vorberger, I. Tamblyn, S.A. Bonev, B. Militzer, "Properties of Dense Fluid Hydrogen and Helium in Giant Gas Planets", Contrib. Plasma Phys. 47 (2007) 375.
34. S. Seager, M. Kuchner, C. A. Hier-Majumder, B. Militzer, "Mass-radius relationship of solid exoplanets", Astrophys. J. 669 (2007) 1279.
33. V. V. Struzhkin, B. Militzer, W. Mao, R. J. Hemley, H.-k. Mao, "Hydrogen Storage in Clathrates", Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 4133.
32. G. D. Cody, H. Yabuta, T. Araki, L. D. Kilcoyne, C. M. Alexander, H. Ade, P. Dera, M. Fogel, B. Militzer, B. O. Mysen, "An Organic thermometer for Chondritic Parent Bodies", Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 272 (2008) 446.
31. J. Vorberger, I. Tamblyn, B. Militzer, S.A. Bonev, "Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures in the Interiors of Giant Planets", Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 024206, cond-mat/0609476.
30. B. Militzer, R. J Hemley, "Solid oxygen takes shape", Nature (News & Views), 443 (2006) 150.
29. B. Militzer, "First Principles Calculations of Shock Compressed Fluid Helium", Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 175501.
28. B. Militzer, R. L. Graham, "Simulations of Dense Atomic Hydrogen in the Wigner Crystal Phase", J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 67 (2006) 2136.
27. B. Militzer, "Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures at High Pressure", J. Low Temp. Phys. 139 (2005) 739.
26. B. Militzer, E. L. Pollock, "Equilibrium Contact Probabilities in Dense Plasmas", Phys. Rev. B, 71 (2005) 134303.
25. J.-F. Lin, B. Militzer, V. V. Struzhkin, E. Gregoryanz, R. J. Hemley, H.-k. Mao, "High Pressure-Temperature Raman Measurements of H2O Melting to 22 GPa and 900 K", J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 8423.
24. B. Militzer, E. L. Pollock, D. Ceperley, "Path Integral Monte Carlo Calculation of the Momentum Distribution of the Homogeneous Electron Gas at Finite Temperature", submitted to Phys. Rev. B (2003).
23. E. L. Pollock, B. Militzer, "Dense Plasma Effects on Nuclear Reaction Rates", Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 021101.
22. S. A. Bonev, B. Militzer, G. Galli, "Dense liquid deuterium: Ab initio simulation of states obtained in gas gun shock wave experiments", Phys. Rev. B 69 (2004) 014101.
21. F. Brglez, X.Y. Li, M.F. Stallmann, and B. Militzer, "Evolutionary and Alternative Algorithms: Reliable Cost Predictions for Finding Optimal Solutions to the LABS Problem", Information Sciences, in press, 2004.
20. B. Militzer, F. Gygi, G. Galli, "Structure and Bonding of Dense Liquid Oxygen from First Principles Simulations", Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 265503.
19. F. Brglez, X.Y. Li, M.F. Stallmann, and B. Militzer, "Reliable Cost Predictions for Finding Optimal Solutions to LABS Problem: Evolutionary and Alternative Algorithms", Proceedings of The Fifth International Workshop on Frontiers in Evolutionary Algorithms, Cary, NC (2003).
18. B. Militzer, "Path Integral Calculation of Shock Hugoniot Curves of Precompressed Liquid Deuterium", J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 63 (2003) 6159.
17. B. Militzer, E. L. Pollock, "Lowering of the Kinetic Energy in Interacting Quantum Systems", Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 280401.
16. B. Militzer, D. M. Ceperley, J. D. Kress, J. D. Johnson, L. A. Collins, S. Mazevet, "Calculation of a Deuterium Double Shock Hugoniot from Ab Initio Simulations", Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 275502.
15. B. Militzer, D. M. Ceperley, "Path Integral Monte Carlo Simulation of the Low-Density Hydrogen Plasma", Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 066404.
14. B. Militzer, D. M. Ceperley, "Path Integral Monte Carlo Calculation of the Deuterium Hugoniot", Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 1890.
13. B. Militzer, "Path Integral Monte Carlo Simulations of Hot Dense Hydrogen", Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000).
12. B. Militzer, E. L. Pollock, "Variational Density Matrix Method for Warm Condensed Matter and Application to Dense Hydrogen", Phys. Rev. E 61 (2000) 3470.
11. B. Militzer, E. L. Pollock, "Introduction to the Variational Density Matrix Method and its Application to Dense Hydrogen", in Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems 99, ed. by C. Deutsch, B. Jancovici, and M.-M. Gombert, J. Phys. France IV 10 (2000) 315.
10. B. Militzer, W. Magro, and D. Ceperley, "Characterization of the State of Hydrogen at High Temperature and Density", Contr. Plasma Physics 39 (1999) 1-2, 151.
9. W. Magro, B. Militzer, D. Ceperley, B. Bernu, and C. Pierleoni, "Restricted Path Integral Monte Carlo Calculations of Hot, Dense Hydrogen", in Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, ed. by G. J. Kalman, J. M. Rommel and K. Blagoev, Plenum Press, New York NY, 1998.
8. W. Ebeling, B. Militzer, and F. Schautz, "Quasi-Classical Theory and Simulation of Two-Component Plasmas", in Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, ed. by G. J. Kalman, J. M. Rommel and K. Blagoev, Plenum Press, New York NY, 1998.
7. B. Militzer, W. Magro, and D. Ceperley, "Fermionic Path-Integral Simulation of Dense Hydrogen", in Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, ed. by G. J. Kalman, J. M. Rommel and K. Blagoev, Plenum Press, New York NY, 1998.
6. B. Militzer, M. Zamparelli, and D. Beule, "Evolutionary Search for Low Autocorrelated Binary Sequences", IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 2 (1998) 34-39.
5. W. Ebeling, B. Militzer, and F. Schautz, "Quasi-classical Theory and Simulations of Hydrogen-like Quantum Plasmas", Contr. Plasma Physics 37 (1997) 2-3, 137.
4. W. Ebeling and B. Militzer, "Quantum Molecular Dynamics of Partially Ionized Plasmas", Phys. Lett. A 226 (1997) 298
3. B. Militzer, "Quanten-Molekular-Dynamik mit reaktiven Freiheitsgraden", in Dynamik, Evolution, Strukturen, ed. J. Freund, Dr. Köster publishing company, Berlin, 1996.
2. B. Militzer, "Quanten-Molekular-Dynamik von Coulomb-Systemen", Logos publishing company, Berlin, 1996, ISBN 3-931216-08-X
1. B.-D. Dörfel and B. Militzer, "Test of Modular Invariance for Finite XXZ Chains", J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 (1993) 4875.

Previous interests: low auto-correlated binary sequences (LABS), traffic jams

2003-2007 Associate staff member at Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington
2000-2003 Postdoc in the Quantum Simulations Group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1996-2000 Ph.D. in Prof. Ceperley's group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
1994-1996 Diploma in physics in Prof. Ebeling's group at the Humboldt University at Berlin.

Last updated: 12/12/11.